Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect
Speech (Reported Speech) - Direct dan Indirect Speech merupakan
materi grammar bahasa Inggris yang banyak diajarkan di jenjang SMP dan SMA.
Direct dan Indirect Speech atau yang biasa disebut Reported Speech ini menjadi
langganan bentuk soal yang sering keluar di UN baik untuk SMP dan SMA.
Atas dasar
begitu pentingnya materi Direct dan Indirect Speech ini, maka pada kesempatan
kali ini penulis memberikan penjelasan mengenai Direct dan Inderct tersebut
dengan lengkap kepada pengunjung sekalian. Semoga bermanfaat.
Direct dan Indirect Speech
Ketika kita
merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang
mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalimat, tensis, pronoun
(kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place).
Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").
- He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
- He asked me, "why do you come late."
Sedangkan
Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.
- He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
- He asked me, "why do you come late."
Untuk itu,
pada artikel ini penulis sengaja membagi beberpa sub-penjelasan mengenai direct
dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.
1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat
Jika kita
lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu
terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering
digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika
klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda
petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata "that"
atau "to" (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said, "I have a present for you in my
bag."
|
He said that he had a present for me in his
bag.
|
02
|
He asked me, "why do you come late."
|
He asked me why I came late.
|
03
|
He orderd me, "don't bring a bag."
|
He ordered me to didn't bring a bag.
|
Perubahan
struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat
tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Untuk
kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no
question" maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
They asked me, "Do you want to join us
to play football?"
|
They asked me if/whether I want to join them
to play football.
|
02
|
He asked me, "Does she want to mary
me?"
|
He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her.
|
Untuk
kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When,
WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai
berikut:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He asked me, "why do you come
late?"
|
He asked me why you came late.
|
02
|
He asked me, "what does she eat?"
|
He asked me what she ate.
|
03
|
He asked me, "when did you come?"
|
He asked me when I came.
|
04
|
He asked me, "who are you?"
|
He asked me who I was.
|
05
|
He asked me, "who is she?"
|
He asked me who she was.
|
2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)
Seperti yang
dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis
yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk
itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini
adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
Simple Present
|
Simple Past
|
02
|
Present Continuous
|
Past Continuous
|
03
|
Present Future
|
Past Future
|
04
|
Present Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
05
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
06
|
Simple Past
|
Past Perfect
|
07
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Atau bisa
lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
V1 (eat)
|
V2 (ate)
|
02
|
V2 (ate)
|
Had + V3 (had eaten)
|
03
|
Am/is/are
|
Was/were
|
04
|
Do/does
|
Did
|
05
|
Do/does not
|
Did not
|
06
|
Did not
|
Had not + V3
|
07
|
Was/were
|
Had been
|
08
|
Am/is/are + V-ing
|
Was/were + V-ing
|
09
|
Was/were +V-ing
|
Had been + V-ing
|
10
|
Has/have + V3
|
Had + V3
|
11
|
Will/shall/can/may/must
|
Would/should/could/might/had to
|
12
|
Could/might/should/would + V1/be
|
Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been
|
3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan
pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di
direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun
pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
- Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said, ‘I
am busy.’
|
He said that he
was busy.
|
02
|
She said, ‘I
am unwell.’
|
She said that she
was unwell.
|
03
|
I said, ‘I
will be late.’
|
I said that I
would be late.
|
04
|
They said, ‘We
will not permit this.’
|
They said that they
would not permit that.
|
05
|
We said, ‘We
need to buy some clothes.’
|
We said that we
needed to buy some clothes.
|
- Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said to me, ‘You have to come with
me.’
|
He told me that I had to go
with him.
|
02
|
She said to me, ‘You can go.’
|
She told me that I could go.
|
03
|
She said to him, ‘You can go.’
|
She told him that he could go.
|
- Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said, ‘She is a good girl.’
|
He said that she was a good girl.
|
02
|
She said, ‘They have invited us.’
|
She said that they had invited them.
|
03
|
They said, ‘He does not have the necessary
qualifications.’
|
They said that he did not have the necessary
qualifications.
|
4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and
place)
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
Now
|
Then
|
02
|
To day
|
That day
|
03
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day
The day after The following day A day later |
04
|
Next ...
|
The ... after
The following ... |
05
|
Last ...
|
The ... before
The Previous ... |
06
|
... ago
|
... before
... earlier |
07
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
The previous day The preceeding day |
08
|
The day before yesterday
|
Two day before
|
09
|
Here
|
There
|
10
|
This
|
That
|
11
|
These
|
Those
|
. Cara Praktis Memahami Rumus Direct Indirect SpeechRumus Direct Indirect Speech merupakan salah satu grammar dengan rumus yang banyak dan agak rumit karena kita diharuskan menghafalkan semua perubahan tenses, subjek dan juga keterangan waktunya. Jumlah tenses ada 16, kadang kita disulitkan menghafalkannya, apalagi masih harus mengingat perubahannya jika dibentuk dalam Direct ke dalam bentuk Indirect Speech. Berikut ini akan saya share bagaimana cara memahami perubahan tenses dalam rumus direct indirect speech tanpa perlu menghafalkan perubahannya satu persatu dengan memahami pola perubahannya.Pada dasarnya, perubahan Direct/Indirect Speech dalam bentuk kalimat past tense hanya terjadi dalam 2 pola: V1 –> V2 V2 –> Past Perfect Keterangan:
C. Contoh Penerapannya.
Demikianlah penjelasan tentang Rumus praktis Direct Indirect Speech tanpa menghafalkan rumusnya. Semoga bermanfaat. Jika kamu menyukai penjelasan ini, mohon like, twit atau memberikan komentar di bawah ini. Terima kasih | ||
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